+
 Neutrino Mass Detection 
Does neutrino have mass?
Los Alamos Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND),
suggests that neutrinos can oscillate or transmute from one kind into another.
Implying trace mass.

Beam of 800million-electron volt protons.  3 "flavors" of neutrinos
electron,muon and tau have at most a tiny mass.  Measurements of the flux of electron neutrinos reahc earth from the sun fell short of the expected number.

LSND tried to detect neutrino oscillations by generating neutrinos
in one place and detecting them in another.  Giving them a chance 
to oscillate.   At the source protons from LAMPF slam into a water 
target, producing pions which continue until they are stopped by a 
copper beamstop.  Where they decay into positive muons and other particles.  
Including muon antineutrinos.  30meters away, the LSND a tank w/ 180tons of 
mineral oil and lined with 1220 light detectors is set to detect electron 
antineutrinos, which indicate that the muon antineutrinos have oscillated.

   Some of the electron antineutrinos should combine with a proton in the oil 
to produce a positron and a neutron, the positron generates a trail of 
scintillation.  About 200 microseconds later, another proton captures the free
neutron , generating a single photon ata characteristic energy.  But cosmic 
rays and other events can mimic some aspects of this signature.  As a result,
the LSND's designers armored it in massive shielding and placed a scintillating
"veto shield" around the top and sides.

 
+
 Synchrotron X-ray study of Iron at High pressure and Temperature 
X-ray synchrotron experiments with in situ laser heating of iron 
in a diamond-anvil cell show that the high-pressure e phase, a hexagonal close
packed structure, transforms to another phase ( a polytype double-layer 
hexagonal close-packed ) at a pressure of about 38 gigapascals and at 
temperatures between 1200-1500 kelvin.  This implies for phase relations of 
iron in Earth's core.

 
+
 Excitation of Spirals and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Rayleigh-Benard Convection 
Spiral-defect populations in low-Prandtl number Rayleigh-Benard convection 
with slow rotation about a vertical axis were measured in carbon dioxide 
at high pressure.  The results indicate that spirals act like "thermally 
excited" defects and that the winding direction of a spiral is analogous to 
a magnetic spin.  Rotation about a vertical axis, the spiral analog of the 
magnetic field, breaks the zero-rotation chiral symmetry between clockwise 
and counterclockwise spiral defects. Many properties of spiral-defect 
statistics are well described by an effective statistical-mechanical model.

--fin